Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the sigmoid colon, which is the lower part of the colon (large intestine) closest to the rectum. This procedure is typically performed by a gastroenterologist or a trained medical professional to diagnose and assess conditions affecting the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as colorectal cancer, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diverticulosis, and rectal bleeding.
During sigmoidoscopy, a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, called a sigmoidoscope, is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the sigmoid colon. This allows the doctor to visually inspect the lining of the colon and rectum for any abnormalities, such as inflammation, growths, or tumors. The procedure can be done with the patient either lying on their side or in a position that facilitates access to the rectum.
Sigmoidoscopy is often used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer, particularly for individuals who are at higher risk, such as those over the age of 50 or with a family history of colorectal cancer. It can also help diagnose the cause of unexplained abdominal symptoms, like pain, diarrhea, or rectal bleeding.
The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes and may be done in an outpatient setting. It is usually well-tolerated, though patients may experience mild discomfort or bloating. In some cases, small tissue samples (biopsy) may be taken during the procedure for further analysis. If any polyps or abnormalities are detected, they may be removed or treated at that time.
Patients are generally advised to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure, and a mild bowel preparation (enema or laxatives) is often required to ensure the colon is clear for proper visualization.
Sigmoidoscopy is a valuable tool for detecting lower GI tract issues early, helping doctors provide prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent more serious complications.
