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Fatty Liver Disease: What It Is, Causes, and Symptoms

What Is Fatty Liver Disease?

Fatty liver disease happens when too much fat builds up in your liver. Your liver is a vital organ that helps your body digest food and remove toxins. When fat makes up more than 5% to 10% of your liver’s weight, doctors call it fatty liver disease. This condition can affect both adults and children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), fatty liver disease is becoming more common worldwide. There are two main types:

  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): This type is not linked to heavy alcohol use. It is the most common form.
  • Alcoholic fatty liver disease: This type is caused by drinking too much alcohol.

    • Most people with fatty liver disease do not notice any problems at first. However, over time, it can lead to liver damage. For this reason, it is important to understand what fatty liver disease is and how it can affect your health.

    Causes of Fatty Liver Disease

    There are many reasons why fat can build up in the liver. Some causes are linked to lifestyle, while others are related to health conditions. Knowing the causes of fatty liver can help you protect your liver health. Here are some common causes:

  • Obesity: Carrying extra weight is a leading cause of fatty liver disease.
  • Poor diet: Eating too many sugary foods or unhealthy fats can increase liver fat.
  • Type 2 diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to develop fatty liver disease.
  • High cholesterol: High levels of cholesterol or triglycerides can raise your risk.
  • Heavy alcohol use: Drinking too much alcohol can damage the liver and cause fat buildup.
  • Rapid weight loss: Losing weight too quickly can also lead to fatty liver.
  • Certain medicines: Some drugs may cause fat to build up in the liver.

    • In addition, some people may develop fatty liver disease even if they do not have these risk factors. Genetics and other health problems can also play a role. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that making healthy lifestyle choices can lower your risk.

    Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

    Often, fatty liver disease does not cause symptoms in the early stages. Many people find out they have it during routine blood tests or scans. Still, as the disease gets worse, you may notice some signs. It is important to watch for these symptoms of fatty liver disease:

  • Feeling tired or weak
  • Pain or discomfort in the upper right side of the belly
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Swelling in the belly or legs

    • However, these symptoms can also be caused by other health problems. If you notice any of them, it is best to talk to your doctor. Early detection can help prevent serious liver damage. According to peer-reviewed medical journals, regular check-ups are key for people at risk.

    When to See a Doctor

    Fatty liver disease can be silent for years. Yet, it can lead to serious liver problems if not managed. If you have risk factors or notice symptoms, you should see a healthcare professional. They can run tests and give you advice on how to protect your liver health.

    Remember: Only a doctor can diagnose fatty liver disease and suggest the best treatment for you. For personalized advice, consult your healthcare provider.